DNA Basics
What's in your DNA? Each of us is born with our own genetic code, a unique set of instructions stored inside our cells. These instructions tell our bodies how to function over the course of our lifetimes. Learn more >
What are genetic markers? Think of genetic risk markers as bits of DNA that vary from person to person. These markers are part of what makes each of us unique. They also reveal patterns in your DNA that relate to certain health conditions and medication responses. Learn more >
How do we look at your DNA? Genetic science has come a long way in recent years. Now, genetic tests based on a simple saliva sample can tell you about key points in your genetic code and how they affect your risk of many health conditions. Learn more >
Is your DNA your destiny? Most of your genes work together with the environment around you, including your behaviors and the influences you are exposed to on a regular basis. That means the choices you make can shape how much your genes affect your health. Learn more >
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DNA BasicsYou can step through this simple tutorial to learn the essentials of DNA. |
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You were born with your genetic code, a unique set of instructions stored inside the cells of your body. Almost all of these cells contain a nucleus that holds your genome, or your complete genetic profile. Your genome is divided into 46 chromosomes. Each of these chromosomes is made up of DNA, including your genes and the supporting DNA that helps them function. Your DNA is spelled out in bases, or molecular letters, referred to as A, T, C, and G. These bases usually come in pairs. |
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At certain spots in the human genome, particular bases are different from person to person. These single-letter differences are called SNPs. Some of these SNPs affect your risks for particular health conditions, and are called markers. Certain versions of a marker indicate a higher risk for a particular condition. |
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To look for these markers in your genome, the Navigenics genetic assessment analyzes numerous health-related points on your DNA. To do this, we use several different tools. Here's an example of one. Our Navigenics Health Compass service starts with segments of reference DNA contained on a powerful gene chip. Your DNA sample is added to the chip, allowing your DNA bases to form pairs with the reference DNA. This process spells out your DNA at key locations on your genome, revealing any significant markers that you carry. |
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The result is a genome-wide assessment that can reveal risk markers for a variety of health conditions in a single scan. |
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Once you know these risks, you can take steps to reduce them. There are important actions you can take on your own, such as improving your diet in specific ways. You can watch for certain symptoms that help you catch conditions early. And you can share your results with your doctor, creating a more personalized partnership for better health. |