Glaucoma

• Fact: Glaucoma is the second-leading cause of vision loss in the United States.
• Proportion of risk that’s in your genes: 13 percent.
• What you can do: Undergo a gene test to determine the extent of your inherited risk of glaucoma. Also, get regular, thorough eye exams starting at age 40. It is the single most important step you can take to protect yourself from glaucoma.
• Did you know? Experts advise people at risk of glaucoma to limit themselves to no more than two cups of coffee or caffeinated drinks a day.

Glaucoma is a chronic disease that can damage the optic nerve and lead to a progressive loss of vision. It often occurs when liquid inside the eyeball fails to drain properly, increasing pressure on the eye. The main symptom of glaucoma is a gradual loss of peripheral vision in one or both eyes. If left untreated, vision can worsen until it seems as if you are constantly looking through a tunnel.

About 1 percent of the population has glaucoma. Because the disease becomes much more prevalent as you age, experts recommend you get your eyes screened regularly starting at age 40. People over age 60 have the highest glaucoma rates.

Although it is mostly caused by non-genetic factors, glaucoma can also be hereditary. Knowing from a genetic test whether you have a genetic susceptibility to the condition can help you and your doctor with early detection. Early diagnosis and proper treatment are key to controlling glaucoma and avoiding complications.

Getting your eyes checked regularly is a good start. Eye exams – performed by an ophthalmologist or qualified optometrist – should include glaucoma screening.

Studies have determined that early detection and treatment can arrest damage to the optic nerve, preserving vision. Medication, eye drops and surgery are helpful in lowering eye pressure and preventing vision loss.