Sarcoidosis

• Fact: Even as it causes progressive damage to the lungs, lymph nodes, eyes, or skin, sarcoidosis may cause only vague symptoms such as fever, weight loss or fatigue.
• Proportion of risk that’s in your genes: 66 percent.
• What you can do: A genetic test can reveal whether you are genetically predisposed to sarcoidosis, enabling you and your physician to monitor your health and be on the lookout for potential symptoms.
• Did you know? For reasons scientists do not yet understand, in about two-thirds of cases, the condition will clear up on its own.

Sarcoidosis is an autoimmune disorder in which immune cells form tiny clusters in the lungs, lymph nodes, eyes or skin. These clusters, called granulomas, can cause permanent damage, including lung scarring and vision problems.

An estimated 105,000 Americans have the disorder, and most are diagnosed during their 20s and 30s. In many patients, the condition will go away on its own. In rare cases, however, without proper treatment, sarcoidosis can be fatal.

Genes play an important role in the development of the disease, and experts suspect that genetic mutations may cause the immune system to overreact to invaders like bacteria or toxins. Scientists are researching whether certain chemicals or bacteria may serve as triggers, but the findings have been inconclusive.

Knowing that your genes increase your risk of developing the condition can make you more alert to the symptoms of sarcoidosis and assist your doctor in knowing when to test for it.

Anti-inflammatory medications can help control sarcoidosis symptoms and slow the progression of the disorder. Early detection and treatment can be critical to preventing permanent damage.